Project Integration Management Back

1. Processes

1. Developing the project charter(憲章)
   • a document that formally recognizes(承認) the existence of a project and provides direction(指導) on the project's objectives and management.
   • you should have the follow things as input:
     • a project statement of work
     • a business case
     • agreements
     • enterprise environmental factors
     • organizational process assets
2. Developing the project management plan.
   • Common elements:
     • introduction or overview of the project
     • description of how the project is organized
     • management and technical processes used on the project
     • work to be done, schedule and budget information
3. Directing and managing project work.
   • Execution tools:
     • Expert judgment
     • Meetings
     • Project management information systems
4. Monitoring and controlling project work.
   • Collecting measuring
   • Disseminating(宣傳)
5. Performing integrated change control
   • 3 main objectives:
     • Influencing the factors that create changes to ensure that changes are beneficial
     • Determining that a change has occured
     • Managing actual changes as they occur
   • Change control:
     • a Change Control System describes when and how offical project documents and work may be changed and describes who is authorized to make changes and how to make it.
     • a Change Control Bord(CCB) is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes on a project.
   • Making timely(及時的) changes:
     • 48-hour policy
6. Closing the project or phase

2. SWOT analysis

• Strengths(優勢)
• Weaknesses(劣勢)
• Opportunities(機遇)
• Threats(威脅)

3. Planning Stages

• Methods for selecting projects:
  • focusing on board organizational needs.
    • 3 criterias:
      • there is a need for the project
      • there are funds(儲備) available
      • there is a strong will to make it succeed
  • categorizing(分類) information technology projects.
    • focus on addressing:
      • a problem
      • an opportunity
      • a directive(指令)
    • focus on time
      • how long it takes
      • when it's needed
    • focus on the priority
  • performing net present value or other financial analysis.
    • Net Present Value(NPV) analysis
      • 淨現值
      • NPV = Benifits - Costs
    • Return on Investment(ROI) analysis
      • 投資回報率
      • ROI = (Benifits - Costs) / Costs
    • Payback analysis
      • 回本
      • Payback Period: the amount of time to recoup(收回)
  • using a weighted scoring model

4. Q&A

• What stage of information technology planning outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology?
  • project planning
  • business area analysis
  • resource allocation
  • information technology strategy planning

answer: business area analysis.

• In what stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects?
  • project planning
  • business area analysis
  • resource allocation
  • information technology strategy planning

answer: resource allocation.

• Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI?
  • It is always a percentage.
  • It is the result of adding the project costs to the profits.
  • It is always a positive number.
  • The lower it is, the better.

answer: It is always a percentage.

• A project's internal rate of return can be determined by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of _ for the project?
  • zero
  • a hundred percent
  • one
  • fifty percent

answer: zero.

• Which is a document that recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management?
  • stakeholder register
  • directive
  • risk register
  • project charter

answer: project charter.

• The business case includes information on what?
  • the business need for the project
  • the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals
  • relevant government or industry standards
  • policies, procedures, guidelines, and systems that influence a project's success

answer: the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals.

• Which of the following is a proactive process undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks?
  • Performance reports
  • Defect repairs
  • Preventive actions
  • Corrective actions

answer: Preventive actions.

• An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. This would be an example of what?
  • cost forecasting
  • defect repairs
  • a preventive action
  • a corrective action

answer: a corrective action.

• What involves identifying and controlling the functional and physical design characteristics of products and their support documentation, and ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete.
  • NPV analysis
  • Configuration management
  • Project management information systems
  • Project time management

answer: Configuration management.