GUI Back

• GUI(Graphics User Interface)
• AWT(Abstract Windowing Toolkit), 是java的一個基本類庫, 用於提供GUI設計, 以及鼠標鍵盤事件的監聽
• Swing是AWT的一個擴展, 可以編寫採用本地風格的GUI
• Container是包括容器類的所有GUI類的根類
• all the components inherited from Window cannot add to a container(Container).

• JComponent是Container的子類

Container

JComponent

JPanel

JList

AbstractButton

JButton

Four "top-level" Containers of Swing

4個容器都可以通過getContentPane()來獲取對應的Container, 然後添加對應的顯示組件

• JFrame

  主要用於創建複雜Desktop App

• JApplet

  主要創建Browser App

• JDialog

  主要創建彈出的Dialog(消息框)

• JWindow

  輕量級JFrame, 沒有標題欄和窗口按鈕

Middle-level Containers

• JPanel

• JScrollPane

• JSplitPane

• JTabbedPane

• JToolBar

Event Handler

eg. 以關閉按鈕為例

Method 1

• 確定事件類型以及事件對應的接口

• 實現接口裏的方法

  class My_frame extends JFrame implements ActionListner{
    //implement
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
        System.exit(0);
    }
  }
  

• 註冊監聽對象

  class My_frame extends JFrame implements ActionListner{
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){//...}
    public My_frame(){
        JButton CloseButton = new JButton();
        CloseButton.addActionListner(this);
    }
  }
  

Method 2

• 直接添加(內部類)

  class My_frame extends JFrame{
    public My_frame(){
        JButton CloseButton = new JButton();
        CloseButton.addActionListner(new ActionListner(){
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
  }
  

Desktop App

class My_frame extends JFrame
{
    private JPanel contentPane;

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    My_frame frame = new My_frame();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public My_frame(){
        contentPane = JPanel();
        contentPane.add(JComponent component);
        setBounds(100, 100, 450, 300);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));

        setContentPane(contentPane);
    }
}